UPSC Prelims 2015— Question 68

Correct answer: Option A. The Swadeshi Movement, arising after the 1905 partition of Bengal, intensified debate within the Indian National Congress over methods of struggle, boycott, passive resistance and political objectives. These differences contributed to the emergence of the Moderates and Extremists as identifiable factions, culminating in the Surat split of 1907. Option-wise analysis: Option A: “Swadeshi Movement” is correct. It directly matches the factual or conceptual requirement tested by the question and is supported by the principle explained above. Option B: “Quit India Movement” is incorrect. It does not match the specific fact, definition, institutional role, geographical association, or constitutional/economic principle required here. The key distinction is the one identified in the core explanation, so this option can be eliminated. Option C: “Non-Cooperation Movement” is incorrect. It does not match the specific fact, definition, institutional role, geographical association, or constitutional/economic principle required here. The key distinction is the one identified in the core explanation, so this option can be eliminated. Option D: “Civil Disobedience Movement” is incorrect. It does not match the specific fact, definition, institutional role, geographical association, or constitutional/economic principle required here. The key distinction is the one identified in the core explanation, so this option can be eliminated. Prelims takeaway: Focus on the precise institutional role, constitutional provision, geographical association, or technical definition being tested. UPSC questions often place a broadly familiar fact beside a narrowly incorrect qualifier; identifying that qualifier is essential for elimination.