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CSAT 2024PYQ

Complete UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination General Studies Paper-II / CSAT question paper for 2024.

80Questions
3Subjects
20Topics
QUESTION PAPER

2024 CSAT Questions

All 80 questions from the 2024CSAT paper, classified by subject, topic and subtopic.

Practice 2024 →
Q1
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference
PASSAGE

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, one-third of food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted globally. Food is lost or wasted throughout the supply chain, from initial agricultural production to final household consumption. The increasing wastage also results in land degradation by about 45%, mainly due to deforestation, unsustainable agricultural practices, and excessive groundwater extraction. The energy spent over wasted food results in about 3-5 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide production every year. Decay also leads to harmful emissions of other gases in the atmosphere. Addressing the loss and wastage of food in all forms is critical to complete the cycle of food sufficiency and food sustainability.

Which of the following statements best reflect the most logical and rational inferences that can be made from the passage?

A1. The current methods of food distribution are solely responsible for the loss and wastage of food.
B2. Land productivity is adversely affected by the prevailing trend of food loss and wastage.
C3. Reduction in the loss and wastage of food results in lesser carbon footprint.
D4. Post-harvest technologies to prevent or reduce the loss and wastage of food are not available.
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

Statements 2 and 3 follow directly from the passage: wastage contributes to land degradation and to greenhouse-gas emissions. Statement 1 is too exclusive, and statement 4 is unsupported.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 3.0
Q2
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption
PASSAGE

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, one-third of food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted globally. Food is lost or wasted throughout the supply chain, from initial agricultural production to final household consumption. The increasing wastage also results in land degradation by about 45%, mainly due to deforestation, unsustainable agricultural practices, and excessive groundwater extraction. The energy spent over wasted food results in about 3-5 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide production every year. Decay also leads to harmful emissions of other gases in the atmosphere. Addressing the loss and wastage of food in all forms is critical to complete the cycle of food sufficiency and food sustainability.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. The food distribution mechanism needs to be reimagined and made effective to reduce the loss and wastage of food. 2. Ensuring the reduction of wastage and loss of food is a social and moral responsibility of all citizens. Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

The passage points to losses across the supply chain, so improving the distribution mechanism is a reasonable implied requirement. It does not establish a universal social/moral duty for every citizen; hence 1 only.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 3.0
Q3
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference
PASSAGE

As inflation rises, even governments previously committed to budget discipline are spending freely to help households. Higher interest rates announced by central banks are supposed to help produce modest fiscal austerity, because to maintain stable debts while paying more to borrow, governments must cut spending or raise taxes. Without the fiscal backup, monetary policy eventually loses traction. Higher interest rates become inflationary, not disinflationary, because they simply lead governments to borrow more to pay rising debt-service costs. The risk of monetary unmooring is greater when public debt rises, because interest rates become more important to budget deficits.

Which of the following statements best reflect/reflect the most logical and rational inference/inferences that can be made from the passage? 1. Central banks cannot bring down inflation without budgetary backing. 2. The effects of monetary policy depend on the fiscal policies pursued by the government. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

The passage explicitly says monetary policy loses traction without fiscal backing and that its effects depend on fiscal conditions. Both statements follow.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 5.0
Q4
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption
PASSAGE

As inflation rises, even governments previously committed to budget discipline are spending freely to help households. Higher interest rates announced by central banks are supposed to help produce modest fiscal austerity, because to maintain stable debts while paying more to borrow, governments must cut spending or raise taxes. Without the fiscal backup, monetary policy eventually loses traction. Higher interest rates become inflationary, not disinflationary, because they simply lead governments to borrow more to pay rising debt-service costs. The risk of monetary unmooring is greater when public debt rises, because interest rates become more important to budget deficits.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Fiscal policies of governments are solely responsible for higher prices. 2. Higher prices do not affect the long-term government bonds. Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

The passage does not say fiscal policy is solely responsible for higher prices, and it indicates that higher interest/debt-service costs matter for government finances. Neither assumption is valid.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 5.0
Q5
Logical ReasoningCubes and DiceCube / Dice Problems

What is the least possible number of cuts required to cut a cube into 64 identical pieces?

A8
B9
C12
D16
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

64 = 4×4×4. Three cuts in each of the three perpendicular directions create 4 layers along each axis, requiring 3+3+3 = 9 cuts.

Logical ReasoningCubes and DiceSource page 5.0
Q6
Logical ReasoningMathematical OperationsOperator / Symbol Problems

In the expression 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1, * is chosen from +, -, x each at most two times. What is the smallest non-negative value of the expression?

A3
B2
C1
D0
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

Choose the allowed operators to obtain the smallest non-negative result; 5−4−3+2×1 = 0, so the minimum is 0.

Logical ReasoningMathematical OperationsSource page 5.0
Q7
Quantitative AptitudeTime and WorkWork & Efficiency

A certain number of men can complete a piece of work in 6k days, where k is a natural number. By what percent should the number of men be increased so that the work can be completed in 5k days?

A10%
B(50/3)%
C20%
D25%
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

Work is constant, so men×days is constant: N×6k = N'×5k. Thus N'/N = 6/5, a 20% increase.

Quantitative AptitudeTime and WorkSource page 7.0
Q8
Quantitative AptitudeTime and WorkWork & Time

X, Y and Z can complete a piece of work individually in 6 hours, 8 hours and 8 hours respectively. However, only one person at a time can work in each hour and nobody can work for two consecutive hours. All are engaged to finish the work. What is the minimum amount of time that they will take to finish the work?

A6 hours 15 minutes
B6 hours 30 minutes
C6 hours 45 minutes
D7 hours
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

Use 24 units of work. X does 4 units/hour and Y/Z 3 units/hour. Alternating without consecutive hours for a person completes 21 units in six hours; X completes the final 3 units in 45 minutes, giving 6 h 45 min.

Quantitative AptitudeTime and WorkSource page 7.0
Q9
Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemNumber Properties & Patterns

How many consecutive zeros are there at the end of the integer obtained in the product 1^2 × 2^4 × 3^6 × 4^8 × ... × 25^50?

A50
B55
C100
D200
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

The exponent of 5 in the product is 2+4+6+...+50? More directly, each term n^(2n) contributes 2n times the factors of 5 in n; the total number of trailing zero pairs is 200. Thus option D.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 7.0
Q10
Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSquares, Cubes & Perfect Numbers

On January 1st, 2023, a person saved ₹1. On January 2nd, 2023, he saved ₹2 more than that on the previous day. On January 3rd, 2023, he saved ₹2 more than that on the previous day and so on. At the end of which date was his total savings a perfect square as well a perfect cube?

A7th January, 2023
B8th January, 2023
C9th January, 2023
DNot possible
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

Daily savings are 1,3,5,..., so cumulative savings after n days are n². The first positive number that is both a square and cube is 64 = 8² = 4³, so it occurs on 8 January.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 7.0
Q11
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference
PASSAGE

Today, if we consider cities such as New York, London and Paris as some of the most iconic cities in the world, it is because plans carrying a heavy systems approach were imposed on their precincts. The backbone of the systems theory is the process of translating social, spatial and cultural desirables into mathematical models using computing, statistics, optimization and an algorithmic way of formulating and solving problems. The early universities of the West which began to train professionals in planning, spawned some of the most ingenious planners, who were experts in these domains. This was because these very subjects were absorbed into the planning curriculum that had its roots in the social sciences, geography and architecture. Planning in India, and its education differ from the West.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the above passage?

ACurriculum for urban planning courses should have diverse and interdisciplinary approach.
BIn India, city administration is under bureaucracy which lacks formal training in urban planning and management.
CIn India, the management of urban areas is a local affair with a chronic problem of insufficient funds.
DWith high density of population and widespread poverty in our urban areas, planned development in them is very difficult.
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

The passage attributes successful planning to a systems approach drawing on several disciplines; hence a diverse, interdisciplinary urban-planning curriculum is the supported inference.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 9.0
Q12
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption
PASSAGE

Today, if we consider cities such as New York, London and Paris as some of the most iconic cities in the world, it is because plans carrying a heavy systems approach were imposed on their precincts. The backbone of the systems theory is the process of translating social, spatial and cultural desirables into mathematical models using computing, statistics, optimization and an algorithmic way of formulating and solving problems. The early universities of the West which began to train professionals in planning, spawned some of the most ingenious planners, who were experts in these domains. This was because these very subjects were absorbed into the planning curriculum that had its roots in the social sciences, geography and architecture. Planning in India, and its education differ from the West.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. India needs a new generation of urban professionals with knowledge relevant to modern urban practice. 2. Indian universities at present have no capacity or potential to impart training in systems approach. Which of the assumptions given above is/are correct?

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

The passage supports the need for modern systems-oriented planning expertise, but does not say Indian universities have no capacity or potential. Hence statement 1 only.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 9.0
Q13
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionMain Idea / Central Theme
PASSAGE

Not every voice on the internet commands the same kind of audience. When anonymous private entities with high capital can pay for more space for their opinions, they are effectively buying a louder voice. If political discourse in the digital sphere is a matter of outshining one's opponent till the election is won, then the quality of politics suffers. The focus of social media is restricted to the promotion of content that generates more user engagement, regardless of how inflammatory the content may be.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea of the above passage?

AConstructed as a marketplace of views, social media ensures instant access to information.
BSocial media are not ideal or moral institutions but the products built by companies to make profits.
CSocial media have been created to strengthen democracies.
DIn today's world, social media are inevitable for well-informed social life.
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

The passage emphasizes that social media platforms are commercially constructed to maximize engagement, including inflammatory content, rather than being intrinsically moral or democratic institutions.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 11.0
Q14
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption
PASSAGE

Not every voice on the internet commands the same kind of audience. When anonymous private entities with high capital can pay for more space for their opinions, they are effectively buying a louder voice. If political discourse in the digital sphere is a matter of outshining one's opponent till the election is won, then the quality of politics suffers. The focus of social media is restricted to the promotion of content that generates more user engagement, regardless of how inflammatory the content may be.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Internet is not inclusive enough. 2. Internet can adversely affect the quality of politics in a country. Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

The unequal ability to buy online attention supports limited inclusiveness, and the passage explicitly says such dynamics can harm political discourse. Both assumptions are valid.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 11.0
Q15
Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemDivisibility

222333 + 333222 is divisible by which of the following numbers?

A2 and 3 but not 37
B3 and 37 but not 2
C2 and 37 but not 3
D2, 3 and 37
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

222333+333222 = 555555, which is divisible by 3 and 37 but is odd, so it is not divisible by 2.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 11.0
Q16
Quantitative AptitudePercentageBasic Percentage

What percent of water must be mixed with honey so as to gain 20% by selling the mixture at the cost price of honey?

A20%
B10%
C5%
D4%
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

Take 100 units of honey. To sell the mixture at the honey's cost price while gaining 20%, add water equal to 20 units of honey. Thus water is 20% of the honey quantity.

Quantitative AptitudePercentageSource page 11.0
Q17
Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemDigits & Number Formation

What is the rightmost digit preceding the zeros in the value of 30^30?

A1
B3
C7
D9
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

30^30 = (3×10)^30 = 3^30×10^30. The digit immediately before the trailing zeros is the units digit of 3^30; powers of 3 cycle 3,9,7,1, giving 9.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 11.0
Q18
Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemRemainders

421 and 427, when divided by the same number, leave the same remainder 1. How many numbers can be used as the divisor in order to get the same remainder 1?

A1
B2
C3
D4
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

For remainder 1, the divisor must divide both 420 and 426. Their common divisors greater than 1 are 2, 3 and 6, giving 3 possible divisors.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 11.0
Q19
Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemFactors, HCF & LCM

A can X contains 399 litres of petrol and a can Y contains 532 litres of diesel. They are to be bottled in bottles of equal size so that whole of petrol and diesel would be separately bottled. The bottle capacity in terms of litres is an integer. How many different bottle sizes are possible?

A3
B4
C5
D6
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

The bottle capacity must be a common divisor of 399 and 532. gcd(399,532)=133, whose positive divisors are 1,7,19,133: four sizes.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 11.0
Q20
Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemPrime Numbers

Consider the following statements in respect of the sum S = x + y + z, where x, y and z are distinct prime numbers each less than 10: 1. The unit digit of S can be 0. 2. The unit digit of S can be 9. 3. The unit digit of S can be 5. Which of the statements given above are correct?

A1 and 2 only
B2 and 3 only
C1 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

Distinct primes below 10 are 2,3,5,7. Their possible three-number sums include 10 and 15, but not 9; hence statements 1 and 3 only.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 11.0
Q21
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption
PASSAGE

By the time children reach class 8, the bulk of them tend to be in the age range of 13 years to 15 years. But in our country, about a quarter of all children in class 8 struggle with reading simple texts and more than half are still unable to do basic arithmetic operations like division. Every year about 25 million young boys and girls from elementary school move into the life that lies for them beyond compulsory schooling. They cannot enter the workforce at least in the organized sector till they are 18. For many families, these children are the first from their families ever to get this far in school. Parents and children expect that such 'graduates' from school will go on to high school and college. Hardly anyone wants to go back to agriculture. On the other hand, abilities in terms of academic competencies are far lower than they should be even based on curricular expectations of class 8.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. For effective school education, parents have greater role than the governments. 2. School curriculum that conforms to today's requirements and is uniform for the entire country may address the issues brought out. Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

The passage identifies weak competencies and a mismatch between expectations and outcomes, but it does not establish either that parents have a greater role than government or that a uniform national curriculum is the solution. Neither assumption is valid.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 13.0
Q22
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionMain Idea / Central Theme
PASSAGE

By the time children reach class 8, the bulk of them tend to be in the age range of 13 years to 15 years. But in our country, about a quarter of all children in class 8 struggle with reading simple texts and more than half are still unable to do basic arithmetic operations like division. Every year about 25 million young boys and girls from elementary school move into the life that lies for them beyond compulsory schooling. They cannot enter the workforce at least in the organized sector till they are 18. For many families, these children are the first from their families ever to get this far in school. Parents and children expect that such 'graduates' from school will go on to high school and college. Hardly anyone wants to go back to agriculture. On the other hand, abilities in terms of academic competencies are far lower than they should be even based on curricular expectations of class 8.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea conveyed by the passage?

ATotal eradication of poverty in the country will resolve the issue of under-performance of our school-children.
BMonetary incentives to parents and teachers is a strategy to improve the children's academic performance.
CPublic policy should ensure that competencies and achievements of young people are aligned with their expectations.
DIndia is not going to take advantage of the demographic dividend unless some school pass-outs go back to agriculture.
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

The central concern is the mismatch between young people's expected educational trajectory and their actual competencies, calling for public-policy attention to outcomes and expectations.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 13.0
Q23
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionMain Idea / Central Theme
PASSAGE

We take it for granted now that science has a social responsibility. The idea would not have occurred to Newton or Galileo. They thought of science as an account of the world as it is, and the only responsibility that they acknowledged was to tell the truth. The idea that science is a social enterprise is modern, and it begins at the industrial revolution. We are surprised that we cannot trace a social sense further back, because we nurse the illusion that the industrial revolution ended a golden age.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the thinking of the author about the science?

AScience must value the commitment of the scientists.
BScience is a product of civilized society and must be used for the promotion of scientific awareness in people.
CIndustrial revolution was made possible by the advancements in science.
DScience must pursue truth but be responsible for social welfare.
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

The passage contrasts science's traditional truth-seeking role with its modern social responsibility; therefore science should pursue truth while also being socially responsible.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 15.0
Q24
Logical ReasoningMissing TermsMissing Term / Pattern Completion

Consider the sequence A_BCD_BBCDABC_DABC__D that follows a certain pattern. Which one of the following completes the sequence?

AB, A, D, C
BB, A, C, D
CA, A, C, D
DA, A, D, C
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

The sequence follows the pattern AABCD, ABBCD, ABCCD, ABCDD. The four blanks are therefore A, A, C, D.

Logical ReasoningMissing TermsSource page 15.0
Q25
Quantitative AptitudeRatio and ProportionPartnership

Two persons P and Q enter into a business. P puts ₹14,000 more than Q, but P has invested for 8 months and Q has invested for 10 months. If P's share is ₹400 more than Q's share out of the total profit of ₹2,000, what is the capital contributed by P?

A₹30,000
B₹26,000
C₹24,000
D₹20,000
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

Profit shares are ₹1,200 and ₹800, so capital×time is in the ratio 3:2. With times 8 and 10 months, P/Q capital ratio is (3/2)×(10/8)=15/8. Since P exceeds Q by ₹14,000, Q=₹16,000 and P=₹30,000.

Quantitative AptitudeRatio and ProportionSource page 15.0
Q26
Quantitative AptitudePercentageSuccessive Percentage Change

P's salary is 20% lower than Q's salary which is 20% lower than R's salary. By how much percent is R's salary more than P's salary?

A48.75%
B56.25%
C60.50%
D62.25%
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

Let R=100. Then Q=80 and P=64. R exceeds P by 36 on a base of 64: 36/64×100 = 56.25%.

Quantitative AptitudePercentageSource page 15.0
Q27
Quantitative AptitudePercentagePercentage Error

A number is mistakenly divided by 4 instead of multiplying by 4. What is the percentage change in the result due to this mistake?

A25%
B50%
C72.75%
D93.75%
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

For value n, the correct result is 4n and the mistaken result is n/4. The reduction relative to the correct result is (4n−n/4)/(4n)×100 = 93.75%.

Quantitative AptitudePercentageSource page 15.0
Q28
Quantitative AptitudePercentagePercentage & Sets

In an examination, 80% of students passed in English, 70% of students passed in Hindi and 15% failed in both the subjects. What is the percentage of students who failed in only one subject?

A15%
B20%
C25%
D35%
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

85% passed at least one subject because 15% failed both. English-only plus Hindi-only = (80+70)−2×65 = 20%, equivalently the failed-in-only-one group is 20%.

Quantitative AptitudePercentageSource page 15.0
Q29
Quantitative AptitudeProblems Based on AgesAge Problems

A father said to his son, "n years back I was as old as you are now. My present age is four times your age n years back". If the sum of the present ages of the father and the son is 130 years, what is the difference of their ages?

A30 years
B32 years
C34 years
D36 years
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

Let the son's present age be s and the father's be f. From f−n=s and f=4(s−n), together with f+s=130, solving gives a 30-year age difference.

Quantitative AptitudeProblems Based on AgesSource page 15.0
Q30
Quantitative AptitudeArithmeticBasic Arithmetic

Consider the following: 1. 1000 litres = 1 m³ 2. 1 metric ton = 1000 kg 3. 1 hectare = 10000 m². Which of the above are correct?

A1 and 2 only
B2 and 3 only
C1 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

All three are standard unit equivalences: 1 m³=1000 L, 1 metric tonne=1000 kg, and 1 hectare=10,000 m².

Quantitative AptitudeArithmeticSource page 15.0
Q31
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference
PASSAGE

“The history of science is the real history of mankind.” In this striking epigram, a nineteenth-century writer links science with its background. Like most epigrams, its power lies in emphasizing by contrast an aspect of truth which may be easily overlooked. In this case, it is easy to overlook the relations between science and mankind, and to treat the former as some abstract third party, which can sometimes be praised for its beneficial influences, but frequently and conveniently blamed for the horrors of war. Science and mankind cannot be divorced from time to time at men's convenience. Yet we have seen that, in spite of countless opportunities of improvement, the opening years of the present period of civilization have been dominated by international conflict. Is this the inevitable result of the progress of science or does the fault lie elsewhere?

Which of the following is/are emphatically conveyed by the author of the passage? 1. Without science, mankind could not have continued to exist till today. 2. It is the science that will ultimately determine the destiny of mankind. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

The author does not claim that humanity could not exist without science or that science alone determines destiny. Neither statement is emphatically conveyed.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 17.0
Q32
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption
PASSAGE

“The history of science is the real history of mankind.” In this striking epigram, a nineteenth-century writer links science with its background. Like most epigrams, its power lies in emphasizing by contrast an aspect of truth which may be easily overlooked. In this case, it is easy to overlook the relations between science and mankind, and to treat the former as some abstract third party, which can sometimes be praised for its beneficial influences, but frequently and conveniently blamed for the horrors of war. Science and mankind cannot be divorced from time to time at men's convenience. Yet we have seen that, in spite of countless opportunities of improvement, the opening years of the present period of civilization have been dominated by international conflict. Is this the inevitable result of the progress of science or does the fault lie elsewhere?

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. The horrors of modern life are the inevitable result of the progress of science. 2. The aspect of truth likely to be overlooked is that science is what man has made it. Which of the assumptions given above is/are correct?

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

The passage questions whether conflict is inevitably caused by scientific progress, so statement 1 is not supported. It does stress the close relation between science and mankind, supporting statement 2.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 17.0
Q33
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference
PASSAGE

Only with long experience and opening of his wares on many a beach where his language is not spoken, will the merchant come to know the worth of what he carries, and what is parochial and what is universal in his choice. Such delicate goods as justice, love and honour, courtesy, and indeed all the things we care for, are valid everywhere but they are variously moulded and often differently handled, and sometimes nearly unrecognizable if you meet them in a foreign land, and the art of learning fundamental common values is perhaps the greatest gain of travel to those who wish to live at ease among their fellows.

When we meet other people while we travel, we learn to differentiate between

Aimagination and understanding
Bcommunities and nationalities
Clocal values and universal values
Dfriends and foes
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

The passage contrasts universal values with the ways they are locally moulded and handled; travel helps distinguish local from universal values.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 17.0
Q34
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption
PASSAGE

Only with long experience and opening of his wares on many a beach where his language is not spoken, will the merchant come to know the worth of what he carries, and what is parochial and what is universal in his choice. Such delicate goods as justice, love and honour, courtesy, and indeed all the things we care for, are valid everywhere but they are variously moulded and often differently handled, and sometimes nearly unrecognizable if you meet them in a foreign land, and the art of learning fundamental common values is perhaps the greatest gain of travel to those who wish to live at ease among their fellows.

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Travel leads to an understanding of humans. 2. Travel helps those who wish to learn fundamental common values. 3. A person with long experience in travel can resolve differences amongst people. Which of the assumptions given above are valid?

A1 and 2 only
B2 and 3 only
C1 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

Statements 1 and 2 are supported by the passage. Statement 3 goes beyond it: learning common values is mentioned, but resolving differences among people is not asserted.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 19.0
Q35
Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemDigits & Number Formation

Let X be a two-digit number and Y be another two-digit number formed by interchanging the digits of X. If (X+Y) is the greatest two-digit number, then what is the number of possible values of X?

A2
B4
C6
D8
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

If X=10a+b and Y=10b+a, then X+Y=11(a+b)=99, so a+b=9. With non-zero a and b, there are 8 ordered pairs, hence 8 possible X.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 19.0
Q36
Quantitative AptitudeAverageBasic Average

Consider the following: Weight of 6 boys = Weight of 7 girls = Weight of 3 men = Weight of 4 women. If the average weight of the women is 63 kg, then what is the average weight of the boys?

A40 kg
B42 kg
C45 kg
D63 kg
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

Four women weigh 4×63=252 kg. Six boys weigh the same 252 kg, so their average is 252/6=42 kg.

Quantitative AptitudeAverageSource page 19.0
Q37
Logical ReasoningClocksClock Angles & Coincidence

How many times do the hour hand and the minute hand coincide in a clock between 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. (same day)?

A3 times
B4 times
C5 times
D6 times
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

Coincidences occur about every 65 5/11 minutes. Between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. they occur three times: around 10:54, 12:00 and 1:05.

Logical ReasoningClocksSource page 19.0
Q38
Logical ReasoningCalendarDay & Date Calculation

The calendar for the year 2025 is same for

A2029
B2030
C2031
D2033
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

Accounting for the weekday shift and leap-year structure, 2025 and 2031 have the same calendar.

Logical ReasoningCalendarSource page 19.0
Q39
Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemParity (Odd/Even)

Let p, q, r and s be distinct positive integers. Let p, q be odd and r, s be even. Consider the following statements: 1. (p − r)^2(qs) is even. 2. (q − s)q^2s is even. 3. (q + r)^2(p + s) is odd. Which of the statements given above are correct?

A1 and 2 only
B2 and 3 only
C1 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

With p,q odd and r,s even: p−r is odd, qs is even; q−s is odd while q²s is even; q+r is odd and p+s is odd. All three statements are true.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 19.0
Q40
Logical ReasoningClocksClock Angles & Coincidence

What is the angle between the minute hand and hour hand when the clock shows 4:25 hours?

A12.5°
B15°
C17.5°
D20°
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

At 4:25, the minute hand is at 150° and the hour hand at 132.5°. The difference is 17.5°.

Logical ReasoningClocksSource page 19.0
Q41
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference
PASSAGE

Conventional classrooms, by emphasizing fixed duration over learning effectiveness, resign themselves to variable outcomes. The tyranny of the classroom is that every learner is subjected to the same set of lectures in the same way for the same duration. In the end, a few learners shine, some survive, and the rest are left behind. After the fixed duration, the classroom model moves on, with not a thought spared for those left behind. This is how we end up with 10 percent employability in our graduates after a decade and half of formal education. Repeating the same ineffectual script in the realm of skill education will not produce different results.

Which of the following statements best reflects/reflect the most logical and rational inference/inferences that can be made from the passage? 1. In conventional classroom learning, the central goal is duration of learning rather than attainment of competency. 2. Conventional classrooms encourage one-size-fits-all approach and stamp out all differentiation. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

The passage explicitly criticizes fixed-duration, one-size-fits-all classrooms and their weak competency outcomes. Both statements follow.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 21.0
Q42
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption
PASSAGE

Conventional classrooms, by emphasizing fixed duration over learning effectiveness, resign themselves to variable outcomes. The tyranny of the classroom is that every learner is subjected to the same set of lectures in the same way for the same duration. In the end, a few learners shine, some survive, and the rest are left behind. After the fixed duration, the classroom model moves on, with not a thought spared for those left behind. This is how we end up with 10 percent employability in our graduates after a decade and half of formal education. Repeating the same ineffectual script in the realm of skill education will not produce different results.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. As a large number of workers in our country are employed in unorganized sector, India does not need to change its present conventional classroom system of education. 2. Even with its present conventional classroom system of education, India produces sufficient number of skilled workers to fully realize the benefits of demographic dividend. Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

The passage criticizes the conventional model; it does not justify either that India therefore need not change it or that it already produces enough skilled workers. Neither assumption is valid.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 21.0
Q43
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption
PASSAGE

When a child reaches adolescence, there is apt to be a conflict between the parents and the child, since the latter considers himself to be by now quite capable of managing his own affairs, while the former are filled with parental solicitude, which is often a disguise for love of power. Parents consider, usually, that the various moral problems which arise in adolescence are peculiarly their province. The options they express, however, are so dogmatic that the young seldom confide in them, and usually go their own way in secret.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. The adolescent does not feel comfortable with his parents because they tend to be dominating and assertive. 2. The adolescent of modern times does not have much respect for parents. Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

The passage attributes adolescent discomfort to parental domination/assertiveness, but says nothing supporting a general lack of respect for parents. Statement 1 only.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 23.0
Q44
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionMain Idea / Central Theme
PASSAGE

When a child reaches adolescence, there is apt to be a conflict between the parents and the child, since the latter considers himself to be by now quite capable of managing his own affairs, while the former are filled with parental solicitude, which is often a disguise for love of power. Parents consider, usually, that the various moral problems which arise in adolescence are peculiarly their province. The options they express, however, are so dogmatic that the young seldom confide in them, and usually go their own way in secret.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea of the above passage?

AParents in general may not be of much help when children are on their way to becoming adults.
BWhen children reach adolescence, involvement of parents in their lives is unnecessary.
CModern-day nuclear families are not capable of bringing up children properly.
DIn modern societies, adolescents tend to be stubborn, disobedient and careless.
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

The central idea is the conflict created when parents' control/supposed guidance does not match adolescents' growing independence. Option A captures that most closely.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 23.0
Q45
Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemDigits & Number Formation

What is the number of fives used in numbering a 260-page book?

A55
B56
C57
D60
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

Counting digit 5 from 1 to 260: 26 occurrences in the units place and 30 in the tens place, with no hundreds-place 5 in this range, gives 56.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 23.0
Q46
Logical ReasoningNumber SeriesNumber / Alphabet Series

What is the sum of the first 28 terms in the following sequence? 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, ...

A83
B84
C85
D86
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

Group the sequence as 1; 1,2; 1,3,2; 1,4,3,2; ... . Summing through the first 28 terms gives 84.

Logical ReasoningNumber SeriesSource page 23.0
Q47
Quantitative AptitudeRatio and ProportionRatio & Proportion

A person buys three articles P, Q and R for ₹3,330. If P costs 25% more than R and R costs 20% more than Q, then what is the cost of P?

A₹1,000
B₹1,200
C₹1,250
D₹1,350
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

Let Q=x. Then R=1.2x and P=1.25R=1.5x. Total 3.7x=3330, so x=900 and P=₹1,350.

Quantitative AptitudeRatio and ProportionSource page 23.0
Q48
Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemDigits & Number Formation

If the sum of the two-digit numbers AB and CD is the three-digit number 1CE, where the letters A, B, C, D, E denote distinct digits, then what is the value of A?

A9
B8
C7
DCannot be determined due to insufficient data
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

For AB+CD=1CE, the hundreds carry requires A+C+carry=10. With distinct digits, A must be 9; hence option A.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 23.0
Q49
Quantitative AptitudePermutation and CombinationCounting Applications

Three numbers x, y, z are selected from the set of the first seven natural numbers such that x > 2y > 3z. How many such distinct triplets (x, y, z) are possible?

AOne triplet
BTwo triplets
CThree triplets
DFour triplets
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

From x>2y>3z with values 1–7, z must be 1 and the feasible ordered triplets are four in number. Hence option D.

Quantitative AptitudePermutation and CombinationSource page 23.0
Q50
Quantitative AptitudeData InterpretationData Interpretation

The total cost of 4 oranges, 6 mangoes, and 8 apples is equal to twice the total cost of 1 orange, 2 mangoes, and 5 apples. Consider the following statements: 1. The total cost of 3 oranges, 5 mangoes and 9 apples is equal to the total cost of 4 oranges, 6 mangoes and 8 apples. 2. The total cost of one orange and one mango is equal to the cost of one apple. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

Let costs be O,M,A. The given equation reduces to O+M=A. That makes statement 2 true, and substituting A=O+M also makes statement 1 true. Both are correct.

Quantitative AptitudeData InterpretationSource page 23.0
Q51
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference
PASSAGE

When an international team of scientists pumped a carbon dioxide and water mix into underground basalt rocks, basic chemistry took over. The acidic mixture dissolved rocks' calcium and magnesium and formed limestone. Basically carbon dioxide is converted into stone, exclaimed the scientists.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical, rational and practical suggestion implied by the passage?

AIt is a cheap and practical method to produce limestone at commercial level for building purposes.
BThis can be used as one of the methods of carbon sequestration.
CBasalt rock can be made a good source of calcium and magnesium minerals by this method.
DGood rock-dissolving acid can be produced by mixing carbon dioxide and water.
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

The process converts CO2 into a stable mineral form underground, so its practical implication is carbon sequestration.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 25.0
Q52
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption
PASSAGE

Geographers analyzed 175 satellite images of ocean colour, which is an indicator of phytoplankton productivity at the ocean's surface, and found that giant icebergs are responsible for storing up to 20 percent of carbon in the Southern Ocean. The researchers discovered that melting water from giant icebergs which contains iron and other nutrients, supports hitherto unexpectedly high levels of phytoplankton growth.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Giant icebergs have a bearing on primary productivity and food chains of the Southern Ocean. 2. Melting of giant icebergs can produce climate change effects and impact world fisheries. Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

The passage directly links melting icebergs and released nutrients to phytoplankton productivity, supporting statement 1. It does not establish climate-change effects or impacts on world fisheries, so statement 2 is unsupported.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 25.0
Q53
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference
PASSAGE

Evolution has endowed caterpillars that feed on corn with a unique ability; they can induce the plant to turn off its defence against insect predators. This helps caterpillars to eat more and grow faster. The agent that causes this effect is the caterpillar's faeces or frass. The finding could throw new light on compounds associated with plant response to pathogens like fungi or bacteria.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical, rational and practical message conveyed by the passage?

AFarmers can use caterpillars to feed on weeds in their crop fields/plantations.
BThis finding can help in the development of clinically useful antimicrobial compounds.
CThis finding can help in the development of organic, ecologically sustainable pesticides.
DCaterpillars can be genetically modified to be predators of the other plant pests.
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

The finding about caterpillar-induced plant defence responses has a plausible practical application in developing organic, ecologically sustainable pest-control methods.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 27.0
Q54
Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemDivisibility

32^5 + 2^27 is divisible by

A3
B7
C10
D11
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

32^5 + 2^27 = 2^25 + 2^27 = 5×2^25, which is divisible by 10.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 27.0
Q55
Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemIntegers

Let p and q be positive integers satisfying p < q and p + q = k. What is the smallest value of k that does not determine p and q uniquely?

A3
B4
C5
D6
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

For k=3, only (1,2); for k=4, only (1,3). For k=5, both (1,4) and (2,3) are possible, so uniqueness first fails at 5.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 27.0
Q56
Logical ReasoningDirection SenseDirection, Distance & Turns

A person walks 100 m straight from his house, turns left and walks 100 m, again turns left and walks 300 m, then turns right and walks 100 m to reach his office. In which direction does he walk initially from his house if his office is exactly in the North-East direction?

ANorth-West
BWest
CSouth
DSouth-West
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

Work backwards from the office position. If the initial direction is south, the subsequent left-left-right turns place the office northeast of the house. Hence the initial direction is South.

Logical ReasoningDirection SenseSource page 27.0
Q57
Logical ReasoningDirection SenseDirection, Distance & Turns

A person walks 100 m Westward, then turns left and walks 100 m. He then takes 225° turn clockwise. In which direction is he walking now?

ASouth-West
BSouth-East
CNorth-West
DNorth-East
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

Facing west, a left turn makes the direction south. A 225° clockwise turn from south points northeast.

Logical ReasoningDirection SenseSource page 27.0
Q58
Logical ReasoningSyllogismSyllogism & Set Relations

A Statement is given followed by two Conclusions numbered I and II. Consider the Statement and the Conclusions. Statement: India is the world's largest producer of milk. Conclusion-I: India is the world's largest exporter of milk. Conclusion-II: India does not import milk. Which one of the following is correct?

AOnly Conclusion-I follows
BOnly Conclusion-II follows
CBoth Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II follow
DNeither Conclusion-I nor Conclusion-II follows
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

Being the largest producer does not logically imply being the largest exporter or not importing milk. Neither conclusion follows.

Logical ReasoningSyllogismSource page 27.0
Q59
Logical ReasoningData SufficiencyTwo-Statement / Data Sufficiency

A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements. Question: What are the values of m and n, where m and n are natural numbers? Statement-I: m+n > mn and m > n. Statement-II: The product of m and n is 24. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

AThe Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone
BThe Question can be answered by using either Statement alone
CThe Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone
DThe Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

Statement II alone gives many factor pairs of 24; statement I alone also does not uniquely determine m,n. Together they give m=24,n=1, so both are required.

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencySource page 29.0
Q60
Logical ReasoningData SufficiencyTwo-Statement / Data Sufficiency

A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements. Question: What is the time required to download the software? Statement-I: The size of the software is 12 megabytes. Statement-II: The transfer rate is 2–4 kilobytes per second. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

AThe Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone
BThe Question can be answered by using either Statement alone
CThe Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone
DThe Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

Download time requires both file size and transfer rate. Neither statement alone is sufficient; together they provide the required information.

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencySource page 29.0
Q61
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionMain Idea / Central Theme
PASSAGE

In a robust democracy, reality, howsoever inconvenient it may be, finds its expression both in the speech of political leaders and the other social forms of assertion. The existence of the real has to be transparent, both through its circulation in and by the media as well as its argumentative articulation in deliberative democracy. A normatively responsible media through its communication effect has the responsibility to circulate the content of reality without distortion.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the crux of the above passage?

AResponsible media should not distort the real in an ideal democracy.
BFake news seems inherent in the life of an ideal democracy.
CThere should not be any kind of restrictions on the freedom of expression in an ideal democracy.
DIrresponsible media and political leaders cannot be effectively controlled in an ideal democracy.
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

The passage's core requirement is that responsible media circulate reality transparently and without distortion in a democracy.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 31.0
Q62
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference
PASSAGE

Now-a-days there is a growing trend to use interconnected home devices. As consumers increasingly network their homes, the connected home device manufacturers and service providers will seek to overcome “thin profit margins by gathering more of our personal data—with or without our agreement—turning the home into a corporate storefront”. Corporate marketers will have powerful incentives to observe consumer behaviour to understand the buying needs and preferences of the device owners.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical, rational and practical message implied by the passage?

AKnowledge of consumer behaviour leads to more capital expenditure in manufacturing sector.
BKnowledge of consumer behaviour stimulates the growth of commerce and trade and thus helps in the overall economic development of the country.
CInterconnected devices give a lot of comfort to home users and improve the overall quality of life.
DInterconnected devices can be at security risk and home users may have privacy risk.
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

The passage focuses on manufacturers gathering personal data and the associated privacy/security implications of interconnected home devices.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 31.0
Q63
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionMain Idea / Central Theme
PASSAGE

Green growth involves rethinking growth strategies with regard to the impacts on environmental sustainability and the environmental resources available to poor and vulnerable groups. In rethinking growth, we need to focus on the current reality of a resource-constrained world. Resource intensive and, in particular energy intensive processes will need to make way for more efficient and resource frugal development strategies if we are to avoid an economic dead end or a world in which only a small elite is able to enjoy affluence in the midst of a sea of poverty.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the crux of the above passage?

AEnvironmental sustainability is inimical to our objective of achieving a high rate of GDP growth.
BPoverty eradication is not possible without a rapid economic growth and the consequent environmental degradation.
CMaintaining high environmental standards is now a prerequisite for achieving a steady, sufficient and inclusive growth.
DWith large populations, rampant poverty and limited resources of today's world, environmental degradation cannot be prevented and inequalities are inevitable.
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

The passage argues that growth must be resource-efficient and environmentally sustainable to avoid exclusion and a resource-constrained dead end. Option C captures this.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 33.0
Q64
Logical ReasoningData SufficiencyTwo-Statement / Data Sufficiency

A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements. Question: What are the unique values of x and y, where x, y are distinct natural numbers? Statement-I: x/y is odd. Statement-II: xy = 12. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

AThe Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone
BThe Question can be answered by using either Statement alone
CThe Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone
DThe Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

Statement I alone permits many pairs; statement II alone also permits many factor pairs of 12. Together, with distinct natural numbers and x/y odd, the values are uniquely determined.

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencySource page 33.0
Q65
Logical ReasoningData SufficiencyTwo-Statement / Data Sufficiency

A certain amount was distributed among X, Y and Z. Question: Who received the least amount? Statement-I: X received 4/5 of what Y and Z together received. Statement-II: Y received 2/7 of what X and Z together received. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

AThe Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone
BThe Question can be answered by using either Statement alone
CThe Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone
DThe Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

Neither statement alone identifies the least recipient, but the two equations together determine the relative amounts sufficiently to identify it. Hence both are required.

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencySource page 33.0
Q66
Logical ReasoningData SufficiencyTwo-Statement / Data Sufficiency

A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements. Question: If the average marks in a class are 60, then what is the number of students in the class? Statement-I: The highest marks in the class are 70 and the lowest marks are 50. Statement-II: Exclusion of highest and lowest marks from the class does not change the average. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

AThe Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone
BThe Question can be answered by using either Statement alone
CThe Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone
DThe Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

Knowing only the mean, or the highest/lowest marks and unchanged mean after their exclusion, does not determine the class size. Even together the information is insufficient.

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencySource page 35.0
Q67
Logical ReasoningData SufficiencyTwo-Statement / Data Sufficiency

There are three distinct prime numbers whose sum is a prime number. Question: What are those three numbers? Statement-I: Their sum is less than 23. Statement-II: One of the numbers is 5. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

AThe Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone
BThe Question can be answered by using either Statement alone
CThe Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone
DThe Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

Statement I says the prime sum is less than 23; since the sum of three distinct primes is odd only when one is 2, the prime sum can be 23, but this condition alone is not enough to determine all three. The correct sufficiency relationship is that one statement alone is sufficient in the given setup, while the other is not.

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencySource page 35.0
Q68
Logical ReasoningData SufficiencyTwo-Statement / Data Sufficiency

Question: Is (x + y) an integer? Statement-I: (2x + y) is an integer. Statement-II: (x + 2y) is an integer. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

AThe Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone
BThe Question can be answered by using either Statement alone
CThe Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone
DThe Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

Even if both 2x+y and x+2y are integers, x+y need not be an integer; for example, solving the two integer expressions can yield non-integral x+y. Thus the data are insufficient.

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencySource page 35.0
Q69
Logical ReasoningData SufficiencyTwo-Statement / Data Sufficiency

A person buys three articles p, q and r for ₹50. The price of the article q is ₹16 which is the least. Question: What is the price of the article p? Statement-I: The cost of p is not more than that of r. Statement-II: The cost of r is not more than that of p. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

AThe Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone
BThe Question can be answered by using either Statement alone
CThe Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone
DThe Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

Since q=16 is the least and p+r=34, either condition p≤r or r≤p forces p=r=17. Either statement alone is sufficient.

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencySource page 37.0
Q70
Logical ReasoningData SufficiencyTwo-Statement / Data Sufficiency

P, Q, R and S appeared in a test. Question: Has P scored more marks than Q? Statement-I: The sum of the marks scored by P and Q is equal to the sum of the marks scored by R and S. Statement-II: The sum of the marks scored by P and S is more than the sum of the marks scored by Q and R. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

AThe Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone
BThe Question can be answered by using either Statement alone
CThe Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone
DThe Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

The two equations/inequality constrain sums but do not determine whether P>Q. Even together, P−Q can have different signs, so the question cannot be answered.

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencySource page 37.0
Q71
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionMain Idea / Central Theme
PASSAGE

Unlike religion and science, poetry does not posit or expect any belief in absolute truths. Those forces or individuals who claim to have absolute truths in their grasp tend to turn dictatorial and tyrannical. Truth usually does not admit any contradictions or imperfections. It is unitarian. It is, therefore, not of much use for poetry. Poetry abides by the plurality of life and existence. Perhaps poetry follows reality which is plural, anachronistic, full of contradictions. Against the tyranny of truth, poetry remains a partisan of democratic reality. Against the arrogance of power, wealth and hierarchy, poetry proposes both humility and defiance.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical and rational message conveyed by the above passage?

AIt is the poetry, not science or religion, which recognizes and accepts imperfections in humans.
BTruth is revealed through science or religion and poetry is anathema to truth.
CPoetry is romantic, imaginary and is about feeling whereas science and religion are about truth.
DIn a world of violence, tyranny and bigotry, poetry is a form of dynamic resistance.
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

The passage presents poetry as resisting the tyranny of absolute truth and hierarchical power, embracing plurality, humility and defiance. Option D best captures that message.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 39.0
Q72
Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption
PASSAGE

The flower was not invented to please us. It flaunted its petals and spread its perfume to attract an insect. The insect carries the pollen from flower to flower so that pollen is not carried away by wind and thus not wasted. What we call a flower's beauty is merely a by-product and a human invention. The perfume is not there to please us, it pleases us because it is there and we have been conditioned to it.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. The author of the passage believes that flowers are creations of Nature's luxury. 2. The author of the passage does not believe in the usefulness of flowers except as things of beauty. Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

The passage explicitly says flowers serve pollination rather than human luxury or beauty. Neither assumption follows.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 39.0
Q73
Logical ReasoningData SufficiencyTwo-Statement / Data Sufficiency

Age of each of P and Q is less than 100 years but more than 10 years. If you interchange the digits of the age of P, the number represents the age of Q. Question: What is the difference of their ages? Statement-I: The age of P is greater than the age of Q. Statement-II: The sum of their ages is 11/6 times their difference. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

AThe Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone
BThe Question can be answered by using either Statement alone
CThe Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone
DThe Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

Statement I only gives the ordering, not the exact difference. Statement II supplies a numerical relation; combined with the digit-interchange condition it determines the ages and hence the difference. Thus the question can be answered using statement II alone.

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencySource page 41.0
Q74
Logical ReasoningSyllogismSyllogism & Set Relations

A Main Statement is followed by four Statements labelled P, Q, R and S. Choose the ordered pair of the Statements where the first Statement implies the second, and the two Statements are logically consistent with the Main Statement. Main Statement: Pradeep becomes either a Director or a Producer. Statement P: Pradeep is a Director. Statement Q: Pradeep is a Producer. Statement R: Pradeep is not a Director. Statement S: Pradeep is not a Producer. Select the correct answer.

ASP only
BRQ only
CBoth SP and RQ
DNeither SP nor RQ
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERC
EXPLANATION

Under an either/or main statement, S (not Producer) implies P (Director), and R (not Director) implies Q (Producer). Both ordered pairs are consistent, so SP and RQ.

Logical ReasoningSyllogismSource page 41.0
Q75
Logical ReasoningMathematical OperationsOperator / Symbol Problems

If a+b means a-b; a-b means a×b; a×b means a÷b; a÷b means a+b, then what is the value of 10+30-100×50÷25? (Operations are to be replaced simultaneously)

A15
B0
C-15
D-25
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

Replace operations simultaneously: 10−30×100÷50+25. Applying normal precedence gives 10−60+25 = −25.

Logical ReasoningMathematical OperationsSource page 41.0
Q76
Logical ReasoningMathematical OperationsOperator / Symbol Problems

If P means 'greater than (>)'; Q means 'less than (<)'; R means 'not greater than (≤)'; S means 'not less than (≥)' and T means 'equal to (=)', then consider the following statements: 1. If 2x(S)3y and 3x(T)4z, then 9y(P)8z. 2. If x(Q)2y and y(R)z, then x(R)z. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A1 only
B2 only
CBoth 1 and 2
DNeither 1 nor 2
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

Statement 1 actually yields 9y≤8z, not 9y>8z. Statement 2 also does not imply x≤z from x<2y and y≤z. Neither is correct.

Logical ReasoningMathematical OperationsSource page 43.0
Q77
Logical ReasoningCoding-DecodingLetter / Number Coding

If in a certain code, 'ABCD' is written as 24 and 'EFGH' is written as 1680, then how is 'IJKL' written in that code?

A11880
B11240
C7920
D5940
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERA
EXPLANATION

The code is the product of alphabet positions: A×B×C×D=24 and E×F×G×H=1680. Thus IJKL=9×10×11×12=11880.

Logical ReasoningCoding-DecodingSource page 43.0
Q78
Logical ReasoningCoding-DecodingLetter / Number Coding

If in a certain code, 'POT' is written as ATOP and 'TRAP' is written as APART, then how is 'ARENA' written in that code?

AAARENA
BAANREA
CAANEAR
DAANERA
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERD
EXPLANATION

The transformation adds A to the reverse of the word: POT→ATOP and TRAP→APART. Therefore ARENA→AANERA.

Logical ReasoningCoding-DecodingSource page 43.0
Q79
Logical ReasoningNumber SeriesNumber / Alphabet Series

What will come in place of * in the sequence 3, 14, 39, 84, *, 258?

A150
B155
C160
D176
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ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

The successive differences are 11,25,45, then 71,97; the second differences increase by 6, so the missing term is 155.

Logical ReasoningNumber SeriesSource page 43.0
Q80
Logical ReasoningCoding-DecodingLetter / Number Coding

In some code, letters P, Q, R, S, T represent numbers 4, 5, 10, 12, 15. It is not known which letter represents which number. If Q-S = 2S and T = R + S + 3, then what is the value of P + R - T?

A1
B2
C3
DCannot be determined due to insufficient data
Show answer & explanation
ANSWERB
EXPLANATION

Q−S=2S gives Q=3S. With available values, S=5 and Q=15; then T=R+8 forces R=4,T=12 and P=10. Therefore P+R−T=2.

Logical ReasoningCoding-DecodingSource page 43.0