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CSAT 2021PYQ

Complete UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination General Studies Paper-II / CSAT question paper for 2021.

80Questions

4Subjects

19Topics

QUESTION PAPER

2021 CSAT Questions

All 80 questions from the 2021CSAT paper, classified by subject, topic and subtopic.

Practice 2021 →

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference

PASSAGE

Researchers simulated street lighting on artificial grassland plots containing pea-aphids, sap-sucking insects, at night. These were exposed to two different types of light — a white light similar to newer commercial LED lights and an amber light similar to sodium street lamps. The low intensity amber light was shown to inhibit, rather than induce, flowering in a wild plant of the pea family which is a source of food for the pea-aphids in grasslands. The number of aphids was also significantly suppressed under the light treatment due to the limited amount of food available.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most critical inference that can be made from the passage given above?

ALow intensity light has more adverse effect on the plants as compared to high intensity light.

BLight pollution can have a permanent adverse impact on an ecosystem.

CWhite light is better for the flowering of plants as compared to the light of other colours.

DProper intensity of light in an ecosystem is important not only for plants but for animals too.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

The passage describes a chain in which artificial light affects flowering plants and then suppresses aphids; it therefore supports a broader ecosystem-level adverse impact of light pollution.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 3.0

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption

PASSAGE

Approximately 80 percent of all flowering plant species are pollinated by animals, including birds and mammals, but the main pollinators are insects. Pollination is responsible for providing us with a wide variety of food, as well as many plant-derived medicines. At least one-third of the world's agricultural crops depend upon pollination. Bees are the most dominant taxa when it comes to pollination and they are crucial to more than four hundred crops. Pollination is an essential service that is the result of intricate relationships between plants and animals, and the reduction or loss of either affects the survival of both. Effective pollination requires resources, such as refuges of pristine natural vegetation.

On the basis of the passage given above, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Sustainable production of India’s cereal food grains is impossible without the diversity of pollinating animals. 2. Monoculture of horticultural crops hampers the survival of insects. 3. Pollinators become scarce in cultivated areas devoid of natural vegetation. 4. Diversity in insects induces diversity of plants. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

A1 only

B2, 3 and 4 only

C1 and 2 only

D3 and 4 only

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

The passage directly links pollination to natural vegetation and mutual survival, supporting the pollinator scarcity and plant/insect interdependence assumptions.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 3.0

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionMain Idea / Central Theme

PASSAGE

A study conducted on the impacts of climate change over the Cauvery basin of Tamil Nadu using regional climate models showed an increasing trend for maximum and minimum temperatures, and a decrease in the number of rainy days. These climatic shifts will have an impact on the hydrological cycles in the region, lead to more run-off and less recharge, and affect the groundwater tables. Further, there has been an increase in the frequency of droughts in the State. This has driven farmers to increase dependency on groundwater resources to secure their crops.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the crux of the passage given above?

ADevelopment of regional climate models helps in choosing climate-smart agricultural practices.

BHeavy dependence on groundwater resources can be reduced by adopting dry-land cropping systems.

CClimate changes increase the criticality of water resources while simultaneously threatening it.

DClimate changes cause the farmers to adopt unsustainable livelihoods and risky coping strategies.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

The passage connects climate change with fewer rainy days, altered hydrology, droughts and increased groundwater dependence; its core is the worsening water-resource situation.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 5.0

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption

PASSAGE

Researchers were able to use stem cells to gauge the neurotoxic effects of the environmental pollutant Bisphenol A (BPA). They used a combination of biochemical and cell-based assays to examine the gene expression profile during the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells upon treatment with BPA, a compound known to cause heart diseases, diabetes, and developmental abnormalities in humans. They were able to detect and measure BPA toxicity towards the proper specification of primary germ layers, such as endoderm and ectoderm, and the establishment of neural progenitor cells.

On the basis of the passage given above, the following assumptions have been made: 1. BPA may alter embryonic development in vivo. 2. Biochemical and cell-based assays are useful in finding out treatments for pollution-induced diseases. 3. Embryonic stem cells could serve as a model to evaluate the physiological effects of environmental pollutants. Which of the above assumptions are valid?

A1 and 2 only

B2 and 3 only

C1 and 3 only

D1, 2 and 3

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

The experiment demonstrates that embryonic stem cells and biochemical/cell-based assays can detect pollutant effects, and the passage supports the developmental implication; it does not establish treatment efficacy.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 5.0

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemRemainders

If 3^2019 is divided by 10, then what is the remainder?

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

The last digits of powers of 3 cycle as 3, 9, 7, 1. Since 2019 leaves remainder 3 on division by 4, the last digit is 7.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 7.0

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemDivisibility

The number 3798125P369 is divisible by 7. What is the value of the digit P?

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

Testing the divisibility condition gives P=6; the resulting number satisfies divisibility by 7.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 7.0

Quantitative AptitudePercentagePercentage Applications

From January 1, 2021, the price of petrol (in Rupees per litre) on mth day of the year is 80 + 0.1m, where m = 1, 2, 3, …, 100 and thereafter remains constant. On the other hand, the price of diesel (in Rupees per litre) on nth day of 2021 is 69 + 0.15n for any n. On which date in the year 2021 are the prices of these two fuels equal?

A21st May

B20th May

C19th May

D18th May

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

After day 100 petrol remains at Rs.90. Diesel reaches Rs.90 when 69+0.15n=90, giving n=140, which is 20 May 2021.

Quantitative AptitudePercentageSource page 7.0

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemRemainders

A biology class at high school predicted that a local population of animals will double in size every 12 years. The population at the beginning of the year 2021 was estimated to be 50 animals. If P represents the population after n years, then which one of the following equations represents the model of the class for the population?

AP = 12 + 50n

BP = 50 + 12n

CP = 50(2)^(12n)

DP = 50(2)^(n/12)

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

Doubling every 12 years gives an exponential model with factor 2^(n/12), starting from 50.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 7.0

Quantitative AptitudePercentageBasic Percentage

In a class, 60% of students are from India and 50% of the students are girls. If 30% of the Indian students are girls, then what percentage of foreign students are boys?

A45%

B40%

C30%

D20%

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

Take 100 students: 60 Indian, of whom 18 are girls. There are 50 girls total, so 32 foreign girls and 8 foreign boys among 40 foreigners; 8/40=20%.

Quantitative AptitudePercentageSource page 7.0

Q10

Logical ReasoningSyllogismSyllogism & Set Relations

Statement: Some radios are mobiles. All mobiles are computers. Some computers are watches. Conclusion-I: Certainly, some radios are watches. Conclusion-II: Certainly, some mobiles are watches. Which one of the following is correct?

AOnly Conclusion-I

BOnly Conclusion-II

CBoth Conclusions-I and Conclusion-II

DNeither Conclusion-I nor Conclusion-II

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

Neither conclusion is forced: the computers that are watches need not be the mobiles that are radios.

Logical ReasoningSyllogismSource page 7.0

Q11

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption

PASSAGE

Fig trees (genus Ficus) are considered sacred in India, East Asia and Africa and are common in agricultural and urban landscapes where other large trees are absent. In natural forests, fig trees provide food for wildlife when other resources are scarce and support a high density and diversity of frugivores (fruit-eating animals). If frugivorous birds and bats continue to visit fig trees located in sites with high human disturbance, sacred fig trees may promote frugivore abundance. Under favourable microclimate, plenty of seedlings of other tree species would grow around fig trees.

On the basis of the passage given above, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Fig trees can often be keystone species in natural forests. 2. Fig trees can grow where other large woody species cannot grow. 3. Sacred trees can have a role in biodiversity conservation. 4. Fig trees have a role in the seed dispersal of other tree species. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

A1 and 2 only

B3 only

C2 and 4 only

D1, 3 and 4 only

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

The passage supports the ecological importance of figs, their association with biodiversity and the link between visiting frugivores and seedlings; it does not require statement 2.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 9.0

Q12

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference

PASSAGE

At the heart of agroecology is the idea that agroecosystems should mimic the biodiversity levels and functioning of natural ecosystems. Such agricultural mimics, like their natural models, can be productive, pest-resistant, nutrient conserving, and resilient to shocks and stresses. In ecosystems there is no ‘waste’, nutrients are recycled indefinitely. Agroecology aims at closing nutrient loops, i.e. returning all nutrients that come out of the soil back to the soil such as through application of farmyard manure. It also harnesses natural processes to control pests and build soil fertility, i.e. through intercropping. Agroecological practices include integrating trees with livestock and crops.

Consider the following: 1. Cover crops 2. Fertigation 3. Hydroponics 4. Mixed farming 5. Polyculture 6. Vertical farming. Which of the above farming practices can be compatible with agroecology, as implied by the passage?

A1, 4 and 5 only

B2, 3, 4 and 5 only

C1, 2, 3 and 6 only

D4 and 6 only

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERA

EXPLANATION

Agroecology is framed as mimicking natural ecosystems, recycling nutrients and using biodiversity; cover crops, mixed farming and polyculture fit that description.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 9.0

Q13

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference

PASSAGE

Computers increasingly deal not just with abstract data like credit card details and databases, but also with the real world of physical objects and vulnerable human bodies. A modern car is a computer on wheels; an aeroplane is a computer on wings. The arrival of the “Internet of Things” will see computers baked into everything from road signs and MRI scanners to prosthetics and insulin pumps. There is little evidence that these gadgets will be any more trustworthy than their desktop counterparts. Hackers have already proved that they can take remote control of internet-connected cars and pacemakers.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most critical inference that can be made from the passage given above?

AComputers are not completely safe.

BCompanies producing the software do not take cyber security seriously.

CStringent data security laws are needed.

DThe present trend of communication technologies will affect our lives in future.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

The passage gives concrete examples of internet-connected devices being vulnerable to hacking, so complete safety cannot be assumed.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 11.0

Q14

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption

PASSAGE

A social and physical environment riddled with poverty, inequities, unhygienic and insanitary conditions generates the risk of infectious diseases. Hygiene has different levels: personal, domestic and community hygiene. There is no doubt that personal cleanliness brings down the rate of infectious diseases. But the entry of the market into this domain has created a false sense of security that gets conditioned and reinforced by the onslaught of advertisements. Experience in Western Europe shows that along with personal hygiene, general improvements in environmental conditions and components like clean water, sanitation and food security have brought down infant/child death/infection rates considerably. The obsession with hand hygiene also brings in the persisting influence of the market on personal health, overriding or marginalising the negative impact on ecology and the emergence of resistant germs.

On the basis of the passage given above, the following assumptions have been made: 1. People who are obsessed with personal hygiene tend to ignore the community hygiene. 2. Emergence of multi-drug resistant germs can be prevented by personal cleanliness. 3. Entry of the market in the domain of hygiene increases the risk of infectious diseases. 4. Scientific and micro-level interventions are not sufficient to bring down the burden of infectious diseases. 5. It is community hygiene implemented through public health measures that is really effective in the battle against infectious diseases. Which of the above assumptions are valid?

A1 and 2 only

B3 and 4 only

C4 and 5 only

D1, 2 and 4 only

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

The passage contrasts personal cleanliness with broader environmental/public-health measures and notes market-driven hygiene concerns; the supported assumptions are 4 and 5.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 11.0

Q15

Logical ReasoningSyllogismSyllogism & Set Relations

Statement: Some cats are almirahs. Some almirahs are chairs. All chairs are tables. Conclusion-I: Certainly some almirahs are tables. Conclusion-II: Some cats may not be chairs. Which one of the following is correct?

AOnly Conclusion-I

BOnly Conclusion-II

CBoth Conclusions-I and Conclusion-II

DNeither Conclusion-I nor Conclusion-II

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

Some almirahs are chairs and all chairs are tables, so some almirahs are tables. The first statement also permits cats that are not chairs, so both conclusions follow.

Logical ReasoningSyllogismSource page 13.0

Q16

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemNumber Properties & Patterns

A boy plays with a ball and he drops it from a height of 1.5 m. Every time the ball hits the ground, it bounces back to attain a height (4/5) of the previous height. The ball does not bounce further if the previous height is less than 50 cm. What is the number of times the ball hits the ground before the ball stops bouncing?

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

Starting from 150 cm, successive bounce heights are 120, 96, 76.8, 61.44 and 49.152 cm. The fifth ground hit is followed by a height below 50 cm, so there are 5 hits.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 13.0

Q17

Logical ReasoningDirection SenseDirection, Distance & Turns

Images of consonants of the English alphabet (Capitals) are observed in a mirror. What is the number of images of these which do not look like their original shapes?

A13

B14

C15

D16

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

There are 21 consonants. H, M, T, V, W, X and Y are vertically mirror-symmetric, leaving 14 whose mirror images differ.

Logical ReasoningDirection SenseSource page 13.0

Q18

Logical ReasoningDirection SenseDirection, Distance & Turns

A bank employee drives 10 km towards South from her house and turns to her left and drives another 20 km. She again turns left and drives 40 km, then she turns to her right and drives for another 5 km. She again turns to her right and drives another 30 km to reach her bank where she works. What is the shortest distance between her bank and her house?

A20 km

B25 km

C30 km

D35 km

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

Track the net displacement after each turn; the final point is 20 km west and 15 km south of the start, giving sqrt(20^2+15^2)=25 km.

Logical ReasoningDirection SenseSource page 13.0

Q19

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemDigits & Number Formation

Integers are listed from 700 to 1000. In how many integers is the sum of the digits 10?

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

The qualifying numbers are 703, 712, 721, 730, 802, 811, 820, 901 and 910: nine integers.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 13.0

Q20

Logical ReasoningDirection SenseDirection, Distance & Turns

A woman runs 12 km towards her North, then 6 km towards her South and then 8 km towards her East. In which direction is she from her starting point?

AAn angle less than 45° South of East

BAn angle less than 45° North of East

CAn angle more than 45° South of East

DAn angle more than 45° North of East

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

Net displacement is 6 km north and 8 km east. Since the east component is larger, the direction is less than 45° north of east.

Logical ReasoningDirection SenseSource page 13.0

Q21

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionMain Idea / Central Theme

PASSAGE

India faces a challenging immediate future in energy and climate policy-making. The problems are multiple: sputtering fossil fuel to electricity and modern cooking fuel production capabilities; limited access for the poorest; rising fuel imports in an unstable global energy context; continued electricity pricing and governance challenges leading to costly deficits or surplus supply; and not least, growing environmental contestation around land, water and air. But all is not bleak: growing energy efficiency programmes; integrated urbanisation and transport policy discussions; inroads to enhancing energy access and security; and bold renewable energy initiatives, even if not fully conceptualised, suggest the promise of transformation.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the critical message conveyed by the passage given above?

AIndia’s energy decision-making process is more complex and interconnected.

BIndia’s energy and climate policy is heavily tuned to sustainable development goals.

CIndia’s energy and climate actions are not compatible with its broader social, economic and environmental goals.

DIndia’s energy decision-making process is straightforward supply-oriented and ignores the demand side.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERA

EXPLANATION

The passage lists interacting supply, access, import, governance and environmental issues, alongside integrated policy initiatives, pointing to a complex and interconnected decision process.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 15.0

Q22

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionMain Idea / Central Theme

PASSAGE

There are reports that some of the antibiotics sold in the market are fed to poultry and other livestock as growth promoters. Overusing these substances can create superbugs, pathogens that are resistant to multiple drugs and could be passed along humans. Mindful of that, some farming companies have stopped using the drugs to make chickens gain weight faster. Since Denmark banned antibiotic growth promoters in the 1990s, the major pork exporter says it is producing more pigs and the animals get fewer diseases.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the critical message conveyed by the passage given above?

APeople should avoid consuming the products of animal farming.

BFoods of animal origin should be replaced with foods of plant origin.

CUsing antibiotics on animals should be banned.

DAntibiotics should only be used to treat diseases.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

The problem described is the use of antibiotics as growth promoters and the resulting resistance; the passage supports restricting their use to treatment.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 15.0

Q23

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption

PASSAGE

Policy makers and media have placed the blame for skyrocketing food prices on a variety of factors, including high fuel prices, bad weather in key food producing countries, and the diversion of land to non-food production. Increased emphasis, however, has been placed on a surge in demand for food from the most populous emerging economies. It seems highly probable that mass consumption in these countries could be well poised to create a food crisis.

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Oil producing countries are one of the reasons for high food prices. 2. If there is a food crisis in the world in the near future, it will be in the emerging economies. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

A1 only

B2 only

CBoth 1 and 2

DNeither 1 nor 2

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

Neither follows. The passage mentions high fuel prices, not oil-producing countries, and says emerging economies could contribute to a crisis without asserting that any future crisis must occur there.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 17.0

Q24

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Rising GDP is essential for a country to be a developed country. 2. Rising GDP guarantees a reasonable distribution of income to all households. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

A1 only

B2 only

CBoth 1 and 2

DNeither 1 nor 2

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

The passage says rising GDP can create employment and investment opportunities, but it does not establish either that GDP growth is essential for development or that it guarantees income distribution.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 17.0

Q25

Logical ReasoningAnalytical & Critical ReasoningAnalytical / Critical Reasoning

Seven books P, Q, R, S, T, U and V are placed side by side. R, Q and T have blue covers and other books have red covers. Only S and U are new books and the rest are old. P, R and S are law reports; the rest are Gazetteers. Books of old Gazetteers with blue covers are

AQ and R

BQ and U

CQ and T

DT and U

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

Blue books are Q, R and T; R is a law report, and U is new. Thus the old Gazetteers among the blue books are Q and T.

Logical ReasoningAnalytical & Critical ReasoningSource page 19.0

Q26

Logical ReasoningNumber SeriesNumber / Alphabet Series

Replace the incorrect term by the correct term in the given sequence 3, 2, 7, 4, 13, 10, 21, 18, 31, 28, 43, 40 where odd terms and even terms follow the same pattern.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERA

EXPLANATION

Odd-position terms have gaps 4,6,8,10,12. Even-position terms should have gaps 4,6,8,10,12, so the first even term must be 0.

Logical ReasoningNumber SeriesSource page 19.0

Q27

Logical ReasoningMissing TermsMissing Term / Pattern Completion

Following is a matrix of certain entries. The entries follow a certain trend row-wise. Choose the missing entry (?) accordingly.

7B 10A 3C

3C 9B 6A

10A 13C ?

A9B

B3A

C3B

D3C

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

The row-wise letter pattern cycles and the numerical pattern gives 3 for the missing entry; the resulting alpha-numeric term is 3B.

Logical ReasoningMissing TermsSource page 19.0

Q28

Logical ReasoningNumber SeriesNumber / Alphabet Series

You are given two identical sequences in two rows:

Sequence-I: 8, 4, 6, 15, 52.5, 236.25

Sequence-II: 5, A, B, C, D, E

What is the entry in the place of C for the Sequence-II?

A2.5

C9.375

D32.8125

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

The multipliers are 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5. Thus 5→2.5→3.75→9.375, so C=9.375.

Logical ReasoningNumber SeriesSource page 19.0

Q29

Quantitative AptitudeTime, Speed and DistanceRelative Speed / Meeting

A person X from a place A and another person Y from a place B set out at the same time to walk towards each other. The places are separated by a distance of 15 km. X walks with a uniform speed of 1.5 km/hr and Y walks with a uniform speed of 1 km/hr in the first hour, with a uniform speed of 1.25 km/hr in the second hour and with a uniform speed of 1.5 km/hr in the third hour and so on. Which of the following is/are correct? 1. They take 5 hours to meet. 2. They meet midway between A and B. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

A1 only

B2 only

CBoth 1 and 2

DNeither 1 nor 2

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

In five hours X covers 7.5 km. Y covers 1+1.25+1.5+1.75+2=7.5 km, so they meet after five hours exactly at the midpoint.

Quantitative AptitudeTime, Speed and DistanceSource page 19.0

Q30

Quantitative AptitudePercentagePercentage Applications

A student appeared in 6 papers. The maximum marks are the same for each paper. His marks in these papers are in the proportion of 5 : 6 : 7 : 8 : 9 : 10. Overall he scored 60%. In how many number of papers did he score less than 60% of the maximum marks?

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

Taking each paper as 100 marks, total obtained is 360. The common multiplier is 8, giving 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80. Three scores are below 60.

Quantitative AptitudePercentageSource page 19.0

Q31

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption

PASSAGE

With respect to what are called denominations of religion, if everyone is left to be a judge of his own religion, there is no such thing as a religion that is wrong; but if they are to be a judge of each other’s religion, there is no such thing as a religion that is right, and therefore all the world is right or all the world is wrong in the matter of religion.

What is the most logical assumption that can be made from the passage given above?

ANo man can live without adhering to some religious denomination.

BIt is the duty of everyone to propagate one’s religious denomination.

CReligious denominations tend to ignore the unity of man.

DMen do not understand their own religious denomination.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

The passage contrasts judgments of one religion against another and implies that denominational distinctions can obscure the unity/commonality of people.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 21.0

Q32

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference

PASSAGE

It is certain, that seditions, wars, and contempt or breach of the laws are not so much to be imputed to the wickedness of the subjects, as to the bad state of a dominion. For men are not born fit for citizenship, but must be made so. Besides, men’s natural passions are everywhere the same; and if wickedness more prevails, and more offences are committed in one commonwealth than in another, it is certain that the former has neither enough pursued the end of unity, nor framed its laws with sufficient forethought; and that, therefore, it has failed in making quite good its right as a commonwealth.

Which among the following is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the passage given above?

ASeditions, wars and breach of the laws are inevitable in every dominion.

BIt is not the people, but the sovereign who is responsible for all the problems of dominion.

CThat dominion is the best which pursues the aim of unity and has laws for good citizenship.

DIt is impossible for men to establish a good dominion.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

The passage says disorder reflects a badly constituted dominion and that a sound commonwealth pursues unity and frames laws with sufficient forethought.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 21.0

Q33

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption

PASSAGE

Inequality violates a basic democratic norm: the equal standing of citizens. Equality is a relation that obtains between persons in respect of some fundamental characteristic that they share in common. Equality is, morally speaking, a default principle. Therefore, persons should not be discriminated on grounds such as race, caste, gender, ethnicity, disability, or class. These features of human condition are morally irrelevant. The idea that one should treat persons with respect not only because some of these persons possess some special features or talent, for example skilled cricketers, gifted musicians, or literary giants, but because persons are human beings, is by now part of commonsense morality.

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Equality is a prerequisite for people to participate in the multiple transactions of society from a position of confidence. 2. Occurrence of inequality is detrimental to the survival of democracy. 3. Equal standing of all citizens is an idea that cannot actually be realised even in a democracy. 4. Right to equality should be incorporated into our values and day-to-day political vocabulary. Which of the above assumptions are valid?

A1 and 2 only

B2 and 3 only

C1 and 4 only

D3 and 4 only

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERA

EXPLANATION

The passage supports equality as a basis for social interaction and as a moral value, corresponding to statements 1 and 4.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 23.0

Q34

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionMain Idea / Central Theme

PASSAGE

Aristocratic government ruins itself by limiting too narrowly the circle within which power is confined; oligarchic government ruins itself by the incautious scramble for immediate wealth. But even democracy ruins itself by excess of democracy. Its basic principle is the equal right of all to hold office and determine public policy. The passage continues that this arrangement becomes disastrous when people are not properly equipped by education to select the best rulers and wisest courses.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the crux of the passage given above?

AHuman societies experiment with different forms of governments.

BAny form of government tends to deteriorate by excess of its basic principle.

CEducation of all citizens ensures a perfect, functional and sustainable democracy.

DHaving a government is a necessary evil because tyranny is inherent in any form of government.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

The passage describes aristocratic, oligarchic and democratic systems as undermined by excesses of their defining principles.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 23.0

Q35

Quantitative AptitudePercentagePercentage & Sets

In a group of 120 persons, 80 are Indians and rest are foreigners. Further, 70 persons in the group can speak English. The number of Indians who can speak English is

A20

B30

C30 or less

D30 or more

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

There are 40 foreigners. Even if all 40 foreigners speak English, at least 30 of the 70 English speakers are Indian; therefore the number is at least 30.

Quantitative AptitudePercentageSource page 25.0

Q36

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemDivisibility

Consider all 3-digit numbers (without repetition of digits) obtained using three non-zero digits which are multiples of 3. Let S be their sum. Which of the following is/are correct? 1. S is always divisible by 74. 2. S is always divisible by 9. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

A1 only

B2 only

CBoth 1 and 2

DNeither 1 nor 2

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

The only digits are 3, 6 and 9. The six permutations sum to 3996, divisible by both 74 and 9.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 25.0

Q37

Quantitative AptitudeAverageBasic Average

There are two Classes A and B having 25 and 30 students respectively. In Class-A the highest score is 21 and lowest score is 17. In Class-B the highest score is 30 and lowest score is 22. Four students are shifted from Class-A to Class B. Consider the following statements: 1. The average score of Class-B will definitely decrease. 2. The average score of Class-A will definitely increase. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

A1 only

B2 only

CBoth 1 and 2

DNeither 1 nor 2

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERA

EXPLANATION

Every A score is below every B score, so transferring A students lowers B's average. The effect on A's average is not definite.

Quantitative AptitudeAverageSource page 25.0

Q38

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencyTwo-Statement / Data Sufficiency

Consider two Statements and a Question: Statement-1: Priya is 4 ranks below Seema and is 31st from the bottom. Statement-2: Ena is 2 ranks above Seema and is 37th from the bottom. Question: What is Seema’s rank from the top in the class of 40 students? Which one of the following is correct in respect of the Statements and the Question?

AStatement-1 alone is not sufficient to answer the Question

BStatement-2 alone is not sufficient to answer the Question

CEither Statement-1 alone or Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question

DBoth Statement-1 and Statement-2 are required to answer the Question

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

Statement 1 alone gives Priya as 10th from top and Seema as 6th; statement 2 alone gives Ena as 4th and Seema as 6th. Either suffices.

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencySource page 25.0

Q39

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencyTwo-Statement / Data Sufficiency

Consider two Statements and a Question: Statement-1: Each of A and D is heavier than each of B, E and F, but none of them is the heaviest. Statement-2: A is heavier than D, but is lighter than C. Question: Who is the heaviest among A, B, C, D and E? Which one of the following is correct in respect of the Statements and the Question?

AStatement-1 alone is sufficient to answer the Question

BStatement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question

CBoth Statement-1 and Statement-2 are required to answer the Question

DNeither Statement-1 alone nor Statement-2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERA

EXPLANATION

Because A and D both exceed B, E and F but neither is the heaviest, C must be the heaviest among the listed persons; statement 1 alone suffices.

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencySource page 25.0

Q40

Logical ReasoningAnalytical & Critical ReasoningAnalytical / Critical Reasoning

In the English alphabet, the first 4 letters are written in opposite order; and the next 4 letters are written in opposite order and so on; and at the end Y and Z are interchanged. Which will be the fourth letter to the right of the 13th letter?

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

The alphabet is reversed in blocks of four. The 13th letter becomes M; moving four positions right reaches T.

Logical ReasoningAnalytical & Critical ReasoningSource page 25.0

Q41

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionMain Idea / Central Theme

PASSAGE

Nothing can exist in a natural state which can be called good or bad by common assent, since every man who is in a natural state consults only his own advantage, and determines what is good or bad according to his own fancy and insofar as he has regard for his own advantage alone, and holds himself responsible to no one save himself by any law; and therefore sin cannot be conceived in a natural state, but only in a civil state, which is decreed by common consent what is good or bad, and each one holds himself responsible to the state.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea of the passage given above?

AThe conceptions of what is right or wrong exist due to the formation of a state.

BUnless a ruling authority decides as to what is right or wrong, no man would be morally right.

CMan is inherently immoral and selfish in a natural state.

DThe idea of what is right or wrong is necessary for the survival of human species.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERA

EXPLANATION

The passage contrasts the natural state with the civil state and locates socially defined right and wrong in the latter.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 27.0

Q42

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference

PASSAGE

In the immediate future, we will see the increasing commodification of many new technologies — artificial intelligence and robotics, 3D manufacturing, custom made biological and pharmaceutical products, lethal autonomous weapons and driverless cars. This will pose conundrums. The moral question of how a driverless car will decide between hitting a jaywalker and swerving and damaging the car has often been debated. The answer is both simple — save the human life — and complex. At which angle should the car swerve — just enough to save the jaywalker or more than enough? If the driverless car is in Dublin, who would take the decision? The Irish Government, or the car’s original code writer in California, or a software programmer in Hyderabad to whom maintenance is outsourced? If different national jurisdictions have different fine-print on prioritising human life, how will it affect insurance and investment decisions, including transnational ones?

Which of the following statements best reflect the rational, plausible and practical implications that can be derived from the passage given above? 1. Too much globalization is not in the best interests of any country. 2. Modern technologies are increasingly blurring the economic borders. 3. Innovation and capital have impinged on the domain of the State. 4. Public policy of every country should focus on developing its own supply chains. 5. Geopolitics will have to reconcile to many ambiguities and uncertainties. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

A1, 4 and 5 only

B1, 2, 3 and 4 only

C2, 3 and 5 only

D1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

The passage highlights cross-border technology, capital, jurisdictional and policy complications; statements 2, 3 and 5 are direct implications, while 1 and 4 overstate the passage.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 27.0

Q43

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference

PASSAGE

The resolution of bankruptcy cases of Indian banks under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code should help bring non-performing assets (NPA) situation under some control. Despite the slow pace of resolutions by the National Company Law Tribunal, the Code can be helpful in cleaning up bank books in future credit cycles. The recapitalisation of public sector banks too can help increase the capital cushion of banks and induce them to lend more and boost economic activity. But bad debt resolution and recapitalisation are only a part of the solution as they, by themselves, can do very little to rein in reckless lending that has pushed the Indian banking system to its current state. Unless there are systemic reforms that address the problem of unsustainable lending, future credit cycles will continue to stress the banking system.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical, rational and practical suggestion implied by the passage given above?

ALending by the banks should be closely monitored and regulated by the Central Government.

BInterest rates should be kept low so as to induce banks to lend more, promote credit growth and thereby boost economic activity.

CMerger of many banks into a few large banks alone is the long-term solution to make them viable and prevent their bad performance.

DIndian banking system requires structural reforms as a long-term solution for bad loans problem.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

The passage explicitly says bad-debt resolution and recapitalisation alone are insufficient and calls for systemic reforms addressing unsustainable lending.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 29.0

Q44

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference

PASSAGE

In India, the objective of macroeconomic policy is to enhance the economic welfare of the people, and any one wing of such macro policy, whether monetary or fiscal, cannot independently work without active support of another.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the corollary to the passage given above?

AThe central bank cannot work independently of the Government.

BGovernment should regulate financial markets and institutions closely.

CMarket economy is not compatible with the socialist policies of the Government.

DFinancial sector reforms are required for enhancing the economic welfare of the people.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERA

EXPLANATION

If monetary and fiscal policy cannot work independently, coordinated financial-sector policy is necessary to pursue economic welfare.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 29.0

Q45

Data InterpretationData InterpretationData Interpretation

Consider the following Table:

Player A: 61 runs, 99 balls in First Innings; 14 runs, 76 balls in Second Innings.

Player B: 05 runs, 12 balls in First Innings; 50 runs, 85 balls in Second Innings.

Player C: 15 runs, 75 balls in First Innings; 20 runs, 50 balls in Second Innings.

Player D: 13 runs, 55 balls in First Innings; 12 runs, 50 balls in Second Innings.

Who is the fastest run scorer in the Test Match?

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

Compare total runs per ball: A=75/175, B=55/97, C=35/125, D=25/105. B has the highest ratio.

Data InterpretationData InterpretationSource page 31.0

Q46

Quantitative AptitudePercentagePercentage & Sets

Half of the villagers of a certain village have their own houses. One-fifth of the villagers cultivate paddy. One-third of the villagers are literate. Four-fifth of the villagers are under 25 years of age. Which one of the following statements is certainly correct?

AAll the villagers who have their own houses are literate.

BSome villagers under 25 years of age are literate.

COnly half of the villagers who cultivate paddy are literate.

DNo villager under 25 years of age has his own house.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

If 80% are under 25 while 33⅓% are literate, at least some of the literate villagers must be under 25.

Quantitative AptitudePercentageSource page 31.0

Q47

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencyTwo-Statement / Data Sufficiency

Consider two Statements and a Question: Statement 1: The last day of the month is a Wednesday. Statement 2: The third Saturday of the month was the seventeenth day. Question: What day is the fourteenth of the given month? Which one of the following is correct in respect of the Statements and the Question?

AStatement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the Question

BStatement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question

CBoth Statement 1 and Statement 2 are required to answer the Question

DNeither Statement 1 alone nor Statement 2 alone is sufficient to answer the Question

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

The 17th being the third Saturday fixes the 14th as Wednesday, so statement 2 alone suffices.

Logical ReasoningData SufficiencySource page 31.0

Q48

Logical ReasoningCalendarDay & Date Calculation

Which day is 10th October, 2027?

ASunday

BMonday

CTuesday

DSaturday

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERA

EXPLANATION

10 October 2021 was Sunday; shifting through the intervening years, including the leap year 2024, gives Sunday for 10 October 2027.

Logical ReasoningCalendarSource page 31.0

Q49

Logical ReasoningSyllogismSyllogism & Set Relations

Consider two Statements and four Conclusions given below. Statement-1: Some greens are blues. Statement-2: Some blues are blacks. Conclusion-1: Some greens are blacks. Conclusion-2: No green is black. Conclusion-3: All greens are blacks. Conclusion-4: All blacks are greens. Which one of the following is correct?

AConclusion-1 and Conclusion-2 only

BConclusion-2 and Conclusion-3 only

CConclusion-3 and Conclusion-4 only

DNeither Conclusion 1 nor 2 nor 3 nor 4

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

The two 'some' statements do not force any of the four proposed universal or intersection conclusions.

Logical ReasoningSyllogismSource page 31.0

Q50

Logical ReasoningNumber SeriesNumber / Alphabet Series

What is the value of ‘X’ in the sequence 2, 7, 22, 67, 202, X, 1822?

A603

B605

C607

D608

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

Each term is previous term ×3 +1, so X=202×3+1=607 and 607×3+1=1822.

Logical ReasoningNumber SeriesSource page 31.0

Q51

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionMain Idea / Central Theme

PASSAGE

The best universities like Harvard and MIT, despite having the luxury of having some truly excellent teachers on their payroll, are increasingly embracing the “flipped classroom” format, where students listen to video lectures at home, and spend class time applying their knowledge, solving problems, discussing examples, etc. Professors guide that discussion and fill in wherever necessary, explaining those bits that seem to be eluding the students and throwing in advanced ideas that happen to be topical. These universities have made their video lectures available free for anyone in the world. They are also encouraging colleges and universities all over the world to integrate these online courses into their own pedagogy, picking the pieces that are appropriate for their needs and building a package around them.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea of the passage given above?

AEfficacy of universities would be better in online mode of conducting classroom tuition as compared to conventional method.

BAvailability of higher education can be made easier and cheaper without diluting the content.

CWe need not invest much in infrastructure related to higher education and yet develop better human and social capital.

DPrivate sector institutions in higher education as well as coaching institutes can take advantage of this opportunity and thrive well.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

The passage describes free online lectures and blended/flipped teaching as a way to broaden access without reducing the educational content.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 33.0

Q52

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference

PASSAGE

Our cities are extremely vulnerable to climate change because of large concentrations of populations and poor infrastructure. Moreover, population densities are increasing in them but we have not yet developed the systems to address climate change impacts. Our cities contribute to 65 per cent of the GDP, but there are not enough facilities to cater to the needs of the people. It is important to address the issues of air quality, transport, etc., that are vital to identifying sustainable solutions. We need to involve citizens in city planning and create an ecosystem that meets the needs of the people.

Which among the following is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the passage given above?

AOur cities need to have well-defined administrative set-up with sufficient autonomy.

BEver increasing population densities is a hindrance in our efforts to achieve sustainable development.

CTo maintain and develop our cities we need to adopt sustainability related interventions.

DPublic-Private Partnership mode of development is the viable long-term solution for the infrastructure and sustainability problems of India.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

The passage explicitly calls for sustainable solutions, better infrastructure, attention to air quality and transport, citizen participation and an ecosystem meeting people's needs.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 33.0

Q53

Quantitative AptitudeRatio and ProportionUnitary Method

Jay and Vijay spent an equal amount of money to buy some pens and special pencils of the same quality from the same store. If Jay bought 3 pens and 5 pencils, and Vijay bought 2 pens and 7 pencils, then which one of the following is correct?

AA pencil costs more than a pen.

BThe price of a pencil is equal to that of a pen.

CThe price of a pen is two times the price of a pencil.

DThe price of a pen is three times the price of a pencil.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

Let pen=p and pencil=c. Equal spending gives 3p+5c=2p+7c, hence p=2c.

Quantitative AptitudeRatio and ProportionSource page 35.0

Q54

Quantitative AptitudePercentageBasic Percentage

P scored 40 marks more than Q in an examination. If Q scored 10% less marks than P, then how much did Q score?

A360

B380

C400

D420

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERA

EXPLANATION

Q=90% of P and P=Q+40. Thus Q=0.9(Q+40), giving Q=360.

Quantitative AptitudePercentageSource page 35.0

Q55

Quantitative AptitudeAlgebraLinear Equations

A person P asks one of his three friends X as to how much money he had. X replied, “If Y gives me Rs. 40, then Y will have half of as much as Z, but if Z gives me Rs. 40, then three of us will have equal amount.” What is the total amount of money that X, Y and Z have?

ARs. 420

BRs. 360

CRs. 300

DRs. 270

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

Let amounts be x,y,z. The conditions give y−40=z/2 and x+40=y=z−40, yielding y=120, x=80, z=160; total Rs.360.

Quantitative AptitudeAlgebraSource page 35.0

Q56

Logical ReasoningCoding-DecodingLetter / Number Coding

In a code language ‘MATHEMATICS’ is written as ‘LBSIDNZUHDR’. How is ‘CHEMISTRY’ written in that code language?

ADIDLHRSSX

BBIDNHTSSX

CBIDLHTSSX

DDGFLIRUQZ

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

The code alternates −1 and +1 through the alphabet: C→B, H→I, E→D, M→N, etc., giving BIDNHTSSX.

Logical ReasoningCoding-DecodingSource page 35.0

Q57

Quantitative AptitudeTime, Speed and DistanceClock & Speed

At which one of the following times, do the hour hand and the minute hand of the clock make an angle of 180° with each other?

AAt 7:00 hours

BBetween 7:00 hours and 7:05 hours

CAt 7:05 hours

DBetween 7:05 hours and 7:10 hours

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

At 7:05 the hands are not yet exactly opposite; the 180° separation occurs shortly after 7:05.

Quantitative AptitudeTime, Speed and DistanceSource page 35.0

Q58

Quantitative AptitudePercentagePercentage Applications

In an objective type test of 90 questions, 5 marks are allotted for every correct answer and 2 marks are deducted for every wrong answer. After attempting all the 90 questions, a student got a total of 387 marks. What is the number of incorrect responses?

B13

C27

D43

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERA

EXPLANATION

Maximum is 450. Each wrong answer reduces the score by 7 relative to a correct answer, so 450−387=63=7×9; hence 9 incorrect.

Quantitative AptitudePercentageSource page 35.0

Q59

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemDigits & Number Formation

Consider the following addition problem: 3P + 4P + PP + PP = RQ2; where P, Q and R are different digits. What is the arithmetic mean of all such possible sums?

A102

B120

C202

D220

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

The units digit requires 4P to end in 2, giving P=3 or 8. The sums are 142 and 262; their mean is 202.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 35.0

Q60

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemDigits & Number Formation

Consider the following multiplication problem: (PQ) × 3 = RQQ, where P, Q and R are different digits and R ≠ 0. What is the value of (P + R) ÷ Q?

DCannot be determined due to insufficient data

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

From (10P+Q)×3=100R+11Q, Q must be 5; then 85×3=255, so (P+R)/Q=(8+2)/5=2.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 35.0

Q61

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionAssumption

PASSAGE

Can a democracy avoid being a welfare state for long? Why cannot mass welfare be left entirely to the markets? There is a built-in tension between markets and democracy. Markets do not work on a one-person-one-vote principle as democracies do. What one gets out of the market place depends on one’s endowments, skills, purchasing power and the forces of demand and supply. Markets reward individual initiative and skill, and may also lift many from the bottom rungs of society, but some people never get the opportunity to develop skills that markets demand; they are simply too poor and too handicapped; or skill formation takes too long. By creating jobs, markets may be able to help even unskilled people, but capitalism has always witnessed bursts of unemployment.

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: 1. Modern democracies rely on the market forces to enable them to be welfare states. 2. Markets ensure sufficient economic growth necessary for democracies to be effective. 3. Government programmes are needed for those left behind in economic growth. Which of the statements given above is/are valid?

A1 and 3 only

B3 only

C2 and 3 only

D1, 2 and 3

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

The passage stresses that markets leave some people behind and therefore government programmes are needed; it does not establish assumptions 1 or 2.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 37.0

Q62

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionMain Idea / Central Theme

PASSAGE

In our schools, we teach our children all that is there to know about physics, maths and history and what-have-you. But do we teach them about the bitter caste divide that plagues the country, about the spectre of famine that stalks large parts of our land, about gender sensitivity, about the possibility of atheism as a choice, etc.? Equally important, do we teach them to ask questions, or do we teach them only to passively receive our wisdom? From the cocooned world of school, suddenly, the adolescent finds himself/herself in the unfettered world of university. Here he/she is swept up in turmoil of ideas, influences and ideologies. For someone who has been discouraged from asking questions and forming an opinion, this transition can be painful.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea of the passage given above?

ASchool curriculum is not compatible with the expectations of children and parents.

BEmphasis on academic achievements does give time for development of personality and skills.

CPreparing the children to be better citizens should be the responsibility of the education system.

DTo be a better citizen, the present world order demands societal and life-coping skills in addition to academic content.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

The passage argues that education must equip students for social realities, questioning and life beyond purely academic content.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 37.0

Q63

Quantitative AptitudeGeometry and MensurationGeometry

There are three points P, Q and R on a straight line such that PQ : QR = 3 : 5. If n is the number of possible values of PQ : PR, then what is n equal to?

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

Q can lie between P and R or outside the segment, producing two distinct values of PQ:PR; hence n=2.

Quantitative AptitudeGeometry and MensurationSource page 39.0

Q64

Quantitative AptitudeGeometry and MensurationGeometric Counting

On a chess board, in how many different ways can 6 consecutive squares be chosen on the diagonals along a straight path?

D12

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

Each of the two main 8-square diagonals contains three possible blocks of six consecutive squares, so total=6.

Quantitative AptitudeGeometry and MensurationSource page 39.0

Q65

Logical ReasoningMissing TermsMissing Term / Pattern Completion

In the series _b_a_ba_b_abab_aab; fill in the six blanks ( _ ) using one of the following given four choices such that the series follows a specific order.

Abababa

Bbaabba

Cbbaabb

Dababab

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

The completed sequence follows the repeating pattern of abb and aab blocks; the six blanks are ababab.

Logical ReasoningMissing TermsSource page 39.0

Q66

Quantitative AptitudePermutation and CombinationNumber / Word Formation

Using 2, 2, 3, 3, 3 as digits, how many distinct numbers greater than 30000 can be formed?

D12

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

A five-digit number greater than 30000 must begin with 3. The remaining four positions contain two 2s and two 3s, giving 4!/(2!2!)=6.

Quantitative AptitudePermutation and CombinationSource page 39.0

Q67

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemIntegers

Consider the following statements: 1. The sum of 5 consecutive integers can be 100. 2. The product of three consecutive natural numbers can be equal to their sum. Which of the statements is/are correct?

A1 only

B2 only

CBoth 1 and 2

DNeither 1 nor 2

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

Five consecutive integers 18–22 sum to 100. Also 1×2×3=1+2+3=6, so both statements are true.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 39.0

Q68

Quantitative AptitudeGeometry and MensurationMensuration: Volume & Surface Area

A cubical vessel of side 1 m is filled completely with water. How many millilitres of water is contained in it (neglect thickness of the vessel)?

A1000

B10000

C100000

D1000000

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

Volume is 1 cubic metre, and 1 cubic metre equals 1,000,000 millilitres.

Quantitative AptitudeGeometry and MensurationSource page 39.0

Q69

Quantitative AptitudePermutation and CombinationCombinations

There are 6 persons arranged in a row. Another person has to shake hands with 3 of them so that he should not shake hands with two consecutive persons. In how many distinct possible combinations can the handshakes take place?

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

The valid non-adjacent triples are {1,3,5}, {1,4,6}, {1,3,6}, and {2,4,6}: four combinations.

Quantitative AptitudePermutation and CombinationSource page 39.0

Q70

Quantitative AptitudeRatio and ProportionRatio & Proportion

An amount of money was distributed among A, B and C in the ratio p:q:r. Consider the following statements: 1. A gets the maximum share if p is greater than (q+r). 2. C gets the minimum share if r is less than (p+q). Which of the above statements is/are correct?

A1 only

B2 only

CBoth 1 and 2

DNeither 1 nor 2

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERA

EXPLANATION

If p>q+r, p is certainly larger than each of q and r. But r<p+q does not ensure r is smaller than both p and q; statement 2 is not sufficient.

Quantitative AptitudeRatio and ProportionSource page 39.0

Q71

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionMain Idea / Central Theme

PASSAGE

Medieval merchants risked the hazards of the Silk Road to reach the markets of China; Portuguese caravels in the 15th century sailed beyond the bounds of the known world, searching less for knowledge than for gold and spices. Historically, the driver for opening frontiers has always been the search for resources. Science and curiosity are weaker drivers. The only way to open up space, whether the space of the solar system or interstellar space, is to create an economic engine and that engine is resource extraction.

Which one of the following statements best sums up the passage given above?

AWealth generation is the primary motive for any human endeavour.

BSpace, whether space in solar system or interstellar space, will govern our future economy.

CHuman beings are motivated to explore new frontiers principally by economic considerations.

DWealth generation is based on the risk-taking behaviour of some men.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

The examples of the Silk Road, Portuguese exploration and space exploration are all presented as resource/economic driven.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 41.0

Q72

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference

PASSAGE

Most people would agree that telling deliberate lies is wrong, except perhaps in certain special situations where more harm will be done by telling the truth. Even the most truthful people probably tell a good many more lies that might be regarded as semantic lies; their use of words contains some measure of falsehood, more or less deliberate.

The idea which the first part of the passage mentions is

Aagreement about telling lies.

Bdisagreement about telling lies.

Cdisagreement about telling the truth.

Ddisagreement about the harm in telling the truth.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

The visible passage states that most people agree deliberate lying is wrong, with exceptions when truth would cause more harm.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 41.0

Q73

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionInference

PASSAGE

Which one of the following habits is found more often in good people?

AMixing up the true and false.

BIntentional mixing up of truth with the false.

CFalsification of facts.

DComplete concealment of truth.

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

The passage notes that even truthful people often use semantic lies involving a measure of falsehood, more or less deliberately.

Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionSource page 41.0

Q74

Quantitative AptitudeData InterpretationPie Charts

A pie diagram shows the percentage distribution of proteins, water and other dry elements in the human body. Given that proteins correspond to 16% and water corresponds to 70%. If both proteins and the other dry elements correspond to p%, then what is the central angle of the sector representing p on the pie diagram?

A54°

B96°

C108°

D120°

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERC

EXPLANATION

Other dry elements are 100−16−70=14%. Thus p=16+14=30%, whose central angle is 0.30×360°=108°.

Quantitative AptitudeData InterpretationSource page 43.0

Q75

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemFactors, HCF & LCM

Joseph visits the club on every 5th day, Harsh visits on every 24th day, while Sumit visits on every 9th day. If all three of them met at the club on a Sunday, then on which day will all three of them meet again?

AMonday

BWednesday

CThursday

DSunday

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

Their next common visit is after LCM(5,24,9)=360 days. 360 mod 7=3, so Sunday+3 days is Wednesday.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 43.0

Q76

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemDigits & Number Formation

The difference between a 2-digit number and the number obtained by interchanging the positions of the digits is 54. Consider the following statements: 1. The sum of the two digits of the number can be determined only if the product of the two digits is known. 2. The difference between the two digits of the number can be determined. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

A1 only

B2 only

CBoth 1 and 2

DNeither 1 nor 2

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

Let the number be 10x+y. The reversed number is 10y+x, so 9(x−y)=54 and x−y=6. Thus statement 2 is true. Possible pairs are 17/71, 28/82 and 39/93, with different digit sums, so statement 1 is not true.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 43.0

Q77

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemAge-related Number Problems

X said to Y, “At the time of your birth I was twice as old as you are at present.” If the present age of X is 42 years, then consider the following statements: 1. 8 years ago, the age of X was five times the age of Y. 2. After 14 years, the age of X would be two times the age of Y. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

A1 only

B2 only

CBoth 1 and 2

DNeither 1 nor 2

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERB

EXPLANATION

If Y is y now, 42−y=2y, so y=14. Eight years ago the ages were 34 and 6, not 5:1; after 14 years they are 56 and 28, exactly 2:1.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 43.0

Q78

Quantitative AptitudePercentageSuccessive Percentage Change

If the price of an article is decreased by 20% and then the new price is increased by 25%, then what is the net change in the price?

A0%

B5% increase

C5% decrease

DCannot be determined due to insufficient data

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERA

EXPLANATION

Starting from 100, a 20% decrease gives 80 and a 25% increase gives 100, so there is no net change.

Quantitative AptitudePercentageSource page 43.0

Q79

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemDivisibility

When a certain number is multiplied by 7, the product entirely comprises ones only (1111...). What is the smallest such number?

A15713

B15723

C15783

D15873

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

15873×7=111111, so option D is the required number.

Quantitative AptitudeNumber SystemSource page 43.0

Q80

Quantitative AptitudeTime and WorkWork & Efficiency

A man completes 7/8 of a job in 21 days. How many more days will it take him to finish the job if quantum of work is further increased by 50%?

A24

B21

C18

D15

Show answer & explanation

ANSWERD

EXPLANATION

Treat the original job as 8 units: 7 units take 21 days, so 1 unit takes 3 days. A 50% increase makes the job 12 units; 5 remain, requiring 15 more days.

Quantitative AptitudeTime and WorkSource page 43.0